Networking tutorial for beginer and advanced user

 Bus Topology

It is also known as linear bus topology. In this topology one main cable go to straight and other cable attach with this main cable and get connected with computer or device.

To understand this in more simpler way you can take example of government supplied water pipe line. There is only one main pipe line for your row and from that main pipe line you got one connection at your home with a small pipe.

Here the main pipe line is the main cable of your bus topology network, this main cable is also known as back bone. The small pipe that gives water supply to your home is small cable attached with main line and second side is connected with computer. This part of cable is known as segment and the each computer connected with a segment is called node.

Now you can understand that In bus topology network is maintained by a only a single cable the main backbone cable goes down entire network will be down.

Each cable segment must end with a terminator. Again same example you would not want to get your precious water in drain so their must be one tape at the end of the row. Similarly there must be one terminator at all the of a segment.

IEE Standard of bus topology is IEE 802.3

Advantage of bus topology 

1. It is inexpensive in installation

2. Adding of new stations is very much easy in bus topology

3. Bus topology require less cable then other topologies

4. Work well for small networks. 

Disadvantage of bus topology

1. Bus topologies are no more recommended any more.

2. If back bone breaks whole network goes down.

3. Limited number of device can be attached in bus topology

4. As it share only one cable for complete network so response time in network is slow comparison to other topologies.

5. No specif fault tolerance method

In todays time bus topology is no more in use in main stream line so cant give you any uses of the same

Next is Ring Topology

Network Topology

There can different meaning of topology we have to study for the same in terms of network only.

The actual layout of a network and its media is known as topology. Network Topology is classification of different network. Each topology contain a specific type of hardware, software configuration with other peripheral device.

There are multiple topology in network topology, when you decide which topology you should choose for your network then there are few basic point that you need to take care.

Factors that decide which topology you should choose.

Cost :-> cost is a factor that plays an important role for the decision of topology. If you want to create a network for 4-5 computer you would not want to expense very much in network.

Scalability:-> What is the size of the network that you need to make and is it possible in that kind of topology

Bandwidth capacity-> The required speed of the network that can be taken care by any particular topology.

Ease of installation:-> is it easy to install the network using selected topology.

Ease of fault finding and maintenance:-> If you have a network you will definitely get the problem also so will it be easy for network administrator to identify the problem and give the solution with ease and lease possible time.

Type of Topology

1. Bus

2. Ring

3. Star

4. Mesh

5. Hybrid

6. Tree Topology

I will explain each topology with advantages and disadvantage of each topology in coming posts.

Previously I explained about OSI model now here is work of each layer of OSI model in short. If you want to have a brief idea than visit the link given after explanation of each layer

Application Layer

Application layer is layer 7 and it denominate as the topmost layer of the OSI model and Application layer works with the applications that we use to communicate with network. It provide network services to user applications but Application layer is different than other layers of OSI model as it do not provide services to other layer of OSI model but it provide service to application outside the OSI model.

Example of These applications is Email services, Network printing services, and Database services.

For more detail visit here

Presentation layer

Presentation layer makes the data presentable. Presentation layer make sure that whatever data is sent from one system should be readable by the application layer of another system. If there is any necessary requirement presentation layer translate the data in multiple data format using a common data format

Presentation layer also provide encryption and compression of data

The Presentation Layer is composed of two sublayers:

CASE (Common Application Service Element)

SASE (Specific Application Service Element)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_layer

Session Layer

Session layer is responsible for handling the session between devices. That is start maintain and close of connection. Session layer enforce order in the communication between devices. Session layer regulate the flow of data

For more detail visit here

Transport Layer

Transport layer ensure reliable transfer of packet form source to destination. Transport layer also manger the speed of transmission- flow control.

There are two type of transmission

Connection less transmission

Connection oriented transmission

For more detail visit here

Network Layer

Network layer is 3^rd layer of OSI model. Network layer define end to end delivery of packets. Network layer is responsible for defining logical address so that any end point can be identified easily. Network layer is also responsible for defining routes and routing work so packet can be delivered easily.

Network layer do one more important task that is fragmentation of packet in smaller packet to accommodate in different media.

For more detail visit here

Data Link Layer

Data link Layer is 2^nd layer of OSI model. Basic task of The Data Link Layer is the protocol layer which transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network or between nodes on the same local area network segment. Data link layer is made up of 2 sub layers

Logical Link Control Sublayer

LLC act between different protocols such as internet protocol and MAC method.

Media Access control Sublayer.

MAC is responsible for the connection of media.

For more you should visit here

Physical Layer

Physical layer is the layer 1 of OSI model. It is lowest bottom layer. Physical layer is responsible for connection between devices. Transmission on physical layer may be digital or analog. Physical layer is responsible for the speed and flow of transmission.

Physical layer include all the network devices include Connector weather its RJ45 or BNC type, Token Ring, Media may be cable or wireless, NIC cards, switch, hub, repeaters and may be other device that required.

For more you should visit here